Darwinism and His Theory of Evolution Coursework

Darwinism and His Theory of Evolution - Coursework Example With the appearance of the Theory of Evolution, the lacuna, which was previously filled with a belief in the Creator, could be filled with scientific explanations. The widely debatable Theory of Evolution swayed the minds of many scientists, who began to apply it to all branches of knowledge up to history (Marx) and psychology (Freud). More than one and a half century has passed after the Theory of Evolution publication date and all this time the debate over it was evolving, adapting, changing, but did not stop for a day even. As any science, Darwin’s Theory has far more questions than answers. The same situation is with the modern theories. The current Synthetic Theory of Evolution, combining achievements of genetics and classical Darwinism, was established 80 years ago. It’s now evident for all evolutionary biologists that it is outdated and many facts do not find any explanation in it. Scientists talk about the need for a new synthesis, which would unite the achievement of present-day paleontology, embryology, animal psychology and other fields of biology, which were not considered fully by the modern evolutionary theory. But even if the third synthesis occurs (Darwin’s theory is the first synthesis, as the historians of biology state), it will not, obviously, solve all the problems. But it will certainly put some new questions - such is the specificity of science. Overview of the Issue. Pros and Cons Scientists can debate certain statements and facts of the Theory of Natural Select ion, but they have to admit that it, as a whole, is logically simple, clear and is confirmed by so many facts, testable in experiments, that can not simply be erroneous.  Most biologists understand it.  Another thing is that life is a very complex phenomenon and the Theory of Evolution gives only a very simplified presentation.  This paves the way for further development of the theory in terms of constructive criticism.  The essence of the Darwinian concept of evolution is reduced to a number of statements, recognized by most scientists: Within each species of living organisms there is a huge range of individual genetic variations in morphological, physiological, behavioral and any other character.  This variability can have a continuous, quantitative or intermittent qualitative nature, but it exists always. All living organisms propagate their kind in a geometric progression. Resources for all types of living organisms are limited and, therefore, the struggle for existenc e must appear between individuals of one species or between individuals of different species or between species and natural conditions.   In the struggle for existence only the fittest individuals survive; individuals with abnormalities that happened to be adaptive to certain environmental conditions.  This is a fundamentally important point in the arguments of Darwin.  Deviations appear not as environmental variations, but happen by chance.  Few of them become useful under specific conditions.  Descendants of such survivors inherit useful deviations, which allowed their ancestors to survive, and are more adapted to the environment than the other members of population. Survival and reproduction of the fittest individuals was called â€Å"natural selection.† Natural selection of separate isolated species in different conditions of existence gradually leads to a divergence of characteristics of these species and, ultimately, to speciation. On these postulates, once ag ain, perfect in terms of logic and supported by a huge number of facts, the modern Theory of Evolution has been established. Each of these theories is an explanation that has been confirmed to such a degree, by observation and experiment, that knowledgeable experts accept it as fact (Quammen, NG).